{"id":26510,"date":"2026-03-01T20:03:35","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T19:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/?p=26510"},"modified":"2026-03-01T20:17:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T19:17:28","slug":"la-densitometria-ossea-nella-pratica-clinica-e-radiologica-analisi-su-osteoporosi-e-tecniche-di-misurazione","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/la-densitometria-ossea-nella-pratica-clinica-e-radiologica-analisi-su-osteoporosi-e-tecniche-di-misurazione\/","title":{"rendered":"La densitometria ossea nella pratica clinica e radiologica: analisi su osteoporosi e tecniche di misurazione"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"826\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26526\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.162267701717243;width:348px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2.png 960w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2-300x258.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2-768x661.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;<strong>osteoporosi<\/strong> si definisce come una patologia sistemica dell&#8217;apparato scheletrico, caratterizzata da una compromissione della resistenza ossea che predispone un individuo a un aumentato <strong>rischio di fratture<\/strong>.<sup data-fn=\"64ad323b-b893-4221-8e72-514a1d92d73d\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#64ad323b-b893-4221-8e72-514a1d92d73d\" id=\"64ad323b-b893-4221-8e72-514a1d92d73d-link\">1<\/a><\/sup> <sup data-fn=\"ae4a191a-b988-4a39-92f2-47e46efc63c5\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ae4a191a-b988-4a39-92f2-47e46efc63c5\" id=\"ae4a191a-b988-4a39-92f2-47e46efc63c5-link\">2<\/a><\/sup> Tale resistenza riflette l&#8217;integrazione di due fattori principali: la <strong>densit\u00e0 ossea<\/strong> e la <strong>qualit\u00e0 ossea<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">densit\u00e0 ossea <\/span>viene espressa come grammi di minerale per volume o per area, mentre la <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">qualit\u00e0 ossea<\/span> si riferisce all&#8217;<strong>architettura<\/strong>, al <strong>turnover<\/strong>, all&#8217;accumulo di <strong>micro-danni<\/strong> e alla <strong>mineralizzazione<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2781822229\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3HvxfJO\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Version 1.0.0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/e9df8a88-7895-4804-8211-20398110afe0.jpeg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/e9df8a88-7895-4804-8211-20398110afe0.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/e9df8a88-7895-4804-8211-20398110afe0-80x300.jpeg 80w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/e9df8a88-7895-4804-8211-20398110afe0-273x1024.jpeg 273w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/e9df8a88-7895-4804-8211-20398110afe0-546x2048.jpeg 546w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" width=\"180\" height=\"675\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dal punto di vista epidemiologico, l&#8217;osteoporosi rappresenta una sfida di salute pubblica di proporzioni crescenti, influenzando significativamente la morbilit\u00e0 e la mortalit\u00e0 della popolazione anziana.<sup data-fn=\"715d19a0-e61e-4b18-a24a-e06e679a2d32\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#715d19a0-e61e-4b18-a24a-e06e679a2d32\" id=\"715d19a0-e61e-4b18-a24a-e06e679a2d32-link\">3<\/a><\/sup> In Italia, la prevalenza \u00e8 stimata in circa <strong>4,5 milioni di individui<\/strong>, di cui la stragrande maggioranza sono donne in post-menopausa. La rilevanza clinica della patologia risiede quasi esclusivamente nelle sue complicanze fratturative, le quali comportano costi sociali enormi e una drastica riduzione della qualit\u00e0 della vita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-advgb-summary advgb-toc alignnone\"><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#classificazione-e-inquadramento-clinico-dellosteoporosi-9172e014-cdde-41f8-9956-3060fdb9c306\">Classificazione e inquadramento clinico dell&#8217;osteoporosi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#principi-fisici-della-mineralometria-ossea-computerizzata-moc-5944fcc7-92e8-4124-8836-702f7d8e6881\">Principi fisici della Mineralometria Ossea Computerizzata (MOC)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#lequazione-dellattenuazione-e-il-calcolo-della-bmd-b1097594-40c5-4f5c-9c54-2fa47fe795ce\">L&#8217;equazione dell&#8217;attenuazione e il calcolo della BMD<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#tecniche-di-generazione-del-fascio-duale-22b05ee9-74a3-4778-80b1-1d17fdf4dcfc\">Tecniche di generazione del fascio duale<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#tomografia-computerizzata-quantitativa-qct-e-pqct-786ab1d0-1b58-46d3-8171-8bc30b3344b7\">Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa (QCT) e pQCT<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#calibrazione-e-unita-hounsfield-060bc7c9-0932-4ea6-a05d-2eaf7455000e\">Calibrazione e Unit\u00e0 Hounsfield<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#ultrasonografia-ossea-quantitativa-qus-2dd8a411-47f6-43ee-a122-546e0910e69e\">Ultrasonografia Ossea Quantitativa (QUS)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#parametri-qus-sos-e-bua-212799be-d40b-474f-9d28-bbd7b7e33f77\">Parametri QUS: SOS e BUA<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#indicazioni-cliniche-e-criteri-di-accesso-8454fc95-4d21-4736-88b2-d5d9031912ad\">Indicazioni cliniche e criteri di accesso<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#soggetti-a-rischio-e-tempistiche-03fbec5f-1269-4e55-b151-e9e46769c7dc\">Soggetti a rischio e tempistiche<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#protocolli-di-acquisizione-e-criteri-di-qualita-4c11ba74-54bc-4de5-aa23-d0223813a904\">Protocolli di acquisizione e criteri di qualit\u00e0<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#scansione-della-colonna-lombare-l1l4-07d43806-2951-4751-bf81-03473dd5ab9f\">Scansione della colonna lombare (L1-L4)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#scansione-del-femore-prossimale-cddf97b4-8109-481c-bb22-80279129159b\">Scansione del femore prossimale<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#sorgenti-derrore-e-limiti-della-metodica-e43dbe43-99cf-493e-9d45-6b76baf3483c\">Sorgenti d&#8217;errore e limiti della metodica<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#artefatti-degenerativi-e-calcificazioni-a1c82601-7ae6-4d1c-a6cd-770e9e3840c3\">Artefatti degenerativi e calcificazioni<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#fattori-legati-al-paziente-82369a6c-2c3b-404d-92b2-8ae0fbf09a79\">Fattori legati al paziente<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#dosimetria-e-radioprotezione-f0fd5c94-cb07-43d3-a856-cf4de27b8431\">Dosimetria e radioprotezione<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#confronto-delle-dosi-efficaci-98d7cde3-8cd7-41b5-a688-0dcb0a3631ba\">Confronto delle dosi efficaci<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#obblighi-del-d-lgs-1012020-nel-referto-8b6b599b-f868-4a5d-8f53-689cac992b7f\">Obblighi del D.Lgs 101\/2020 nel referto<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#la-refertazione-e-linterpretazione-clinica-f84f64d1-4352-4153-abfe-1e7935540140\">La refertazione e l&#8217;interpretazione clinica<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#requisiti-minimi-del-referto-iscdsiommms-bc90572a-0680-4dce-a319-9f22dc027f82\">Requisiti minimi del referto (ISCD\/SIOMMMS)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-2\"><a href=\"#il-ruolo-dello-zscore-46095b3f-9eff-4e6d-8309-6ba7e0d9ee12\">Il ruolo dello Z-score<\/a><\/li><li class=\"toc-level-1\"><a href=\"#conclusioni-e-prospettive-0c2361fe-ba7a-4e22-bd4b-8ae24f394cd2\">Conclusioni e prospettive<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience295648030\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3ZiUlK7\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Version 1.0.0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4f41f14f-77f1-4f60-9088-c14112a40797.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4f41f14f-77f1-4f60-9088-c14112a40797.jpg 1940w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4f41f14f-77f1-4f60-9088-c14112a40797-300x77.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4f41f14f-77f1-4f60-9088-c14112a40797-1024x264.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4f41f14f-77f1-4f60-9088-c14112a40797-768x198.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4f41f14f-77f1-4f60-9088-c14112a40797-1536x396.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1940px) 100vw, 1940px\" width=\"1940\" height=\"500\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-wrapper\" class=\"rtoc-mokuji-content frame4 preset2 animation-slide rtoc_open default\" data-id=\"26510\" data-theme=\"eStar\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-title\" class=\"rtoc_btn_none rtoc_center\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span>Indice dei contenuti<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><ol class=\"rtoc-mokuji decimal_ol level-1\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#classificazione-e-inquadramento-clinico-dellosteoporosi-9172e014-cdde-41f8-9956-3060fdb9c306\">Classificazione e inquadramento clinico dell&#8217;osteoporosi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#principi-fisici-della-mineralometria-ossea-computerizzata-moc-5944fcc7-92e8-4124-8836-702f7d8e6881\">Principi fisici della Mineralometria Ossea Computerizzata (MOC)<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#lequazione-dellattenuazione-e-il-calcolo-della-bmd-b1097594-40c5-4f5c-9c54-2fa47fe795ce\">L&#8217;equazione dell&#8217;attenuazione e il calcolo della BMD<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#tecniche-di-generazione-del-fascio-duale-22b05ee9-74a3-4778-80b1-1d17fdf4dcfc\">Tecniche di generazione del fascio duale<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#tomografia-computerizzata-quantitativa-qct-e-pqct-786ab1d0-1b58-46d3-8171-8bc30b3344b7\">Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa (QCT) e pQCT<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#calibrazione-e-unita-hounsfield-060bc7c9-0932-4ea6-a05d-2eaf7455000e\">Calibrazione e Unit\u00e0 Hounsfield<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#ultrasonografia-ossea-quantitativa-qus-2dd8a411-47f6-43ee-a122-546e0910e69e\">Ultrasonografia Ossea Quantitativa (QUS)<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#parametri-qus-sos-e-bua-212799be-d40b-474f-9d28-bbd7b7e33f77\">Parametri QUS: SOS e BUA<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#indicazioni-cliniche-e-criteri-di-accesso-8454fc95-4d21-4736-88b2-d5d9031912ad\">Indicazioni cliniche e criteri di accesso<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#soggetti-a-rischio-e-tempistiche-03fbec5f-1269-4e55-b151-e9e46769c7dc\">Soggetti a rischio e tempistiche<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#protocolli-di-acquisizione-e-criteri-di-qualita-4c11ba74-54bc-4de5-aa23-d0223813a904\">Protocolli di acquisizione e criteri di qualit\u00e0<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#scansione-della-colonna-lombare-l1l4-07d43806-2951-4751-bf81-03473dd5ab9f\">Scansione della colonna lombare (L1-L4)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#scansione-del-femore-prossimale-cddf97b4-8109-481c-bb22-80279129159b\">Scansione del femore prossimale<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#sorgenti-derrore-e-limiti-della-metodica-e43dbe43-99cf-493e-9d45-6b76baf3483c\">Sorgenti d&#8217;errore e limiti della metodica<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#artefatti-degenerativi-e-calcificazioni-a1c82601-7ae6-4d1c-a6cd-770e9e3840c3\">Artefatti degenerativi e calcificazioni<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#fattori-legati-al-paziente-82369a6c-2c3b-404d-92b2-8ae0fbf09a79\">Fattori legati al paziente<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#dosimetria-e-radioprotezione-f0fd5c94-cb07-43d3-a856-cf4de27b8431\">Dosimetria e radioprotezione<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#confronto-delle-dosi-efficaci-98d7cde3-8cd7-41b5-a688-0dcb0a3631ba\">Confronto delle dosi efficaci<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#obblighi-del-d-lgs-1012020-nel-referto-8b6b599b-f868-4a5d-8f53-689cac992b7f\">Obblighi del D.Lgs 101\/2020 nel referto<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#la-refertazione-e-linterpretazione-clinica-f84f64d1-4352-4153-abfe-1e7935540140\">La refertazione e l&#8217;interpretazione clinica<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_none level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#requisiti-minimi-del-referto-iscdsiommms-bc90572a-0680-4dce-a319-9f22dc027f82\">Requisiti minimi del referto (ISCD\/SIOMMMS)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#il-ruolo-dello-zscore-46095b3f-9eff-4e6d-8309-6ba7e0d9ee12\">Il ruolo dello Z-score<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#conclusioni-e-prospettive-0c2361fe-ba7a-4e22-bd4b-8ae24f394cd2\">Conclusioni e prospettive<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"classificazione-e-inquadramento-clinico-dellosteoporosi-9172e014-cdde-41f8-9956-3060fdb9c306\">Classificazione e inquadramento clinico dell&#8217;osteoporosi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;osteoporosi non deve essere considerata una condizione monolitica, bens\u00ec il risultato finale di diversi processi fisiopatologici. La classificazione clinica distingue primariamente tra forme <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">primitive<\/span> e forme <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">secondarie<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2175559247\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4ki3biQ\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"77acb52c-7a48-4bcd-8fbe-c62f9db86bee\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/77acb52c-7a48-4bcd-8fbe-c62f9db86bee.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/77acb52c-7a48-4bcd-8fbe-c62f9db86bee.jpg 1362w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/77acb52c-7a48-4bcd-8fbe-c62f9db86bee-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/77acb52c-7a48-4bcd-8fbe-c62f9db86bee-1024x810.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/77acb52c-7a48-4bcd-8fbe-c62f9db86bee-768x608.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1362px) 100vw, 1362px\" width=\"300\" height=\"237\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Le <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">forme primitive<\/span> comprendono l&#8217;<strong>osteoporosi post-menopausale<\/strong> (<strong>Tipo I<\/strong>) e l&#8217;<strong>osteoporosi senile<\/strong> (<strong>Tipo II<\/strong>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>l&#8217;<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">osteoporosi di Tipo I<\/span><\/strong> \u00e8 strettamente legata al calo degli estrogeni, il quale determina un&#8217;accelerazione del turnover osseo con una prevalenza dell&#8217;a<strong>ttivit\u00e0 riassorbitiva<\/strong> degli osteoclasti rispetto a quella formativa degli osteoblasti. Questo processo colpisce elettivamente l&#8217;osso trabecolare, spiegando l&#8217;elevata incidenza di fratture vertebrali e del radio distale in questa popolazione;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l&#8217;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>osteoporosi di Tipo II<\/strong><\/span>, o senile, colpisce entrambi i sessi dopo i 70 anni ed \u00e8 legata a una <strong>carenza cronica di calcio<\/strong>, <strong>ridotta sintesi di vitamina D<\/strong> e invecchiamento cellulare, interessando sia l&#8217;osso corticale che quello trabecolare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ec93305&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ec93305\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26551\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-23.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-23-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-23-768x419.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">forme secondarie<\/span> di osteoporosi derivano da una vasta gamma di condizioni mediche e trattamenti farmacologici che interferiscono negativamente con il metabolismo osseo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;identificazione di queste forme \u00e8 cruciale poich\u00e9 il trattamento della causa sottostante pu\u00f2 spesso arrestare o invertire la perdita di massa ossea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Categoria fisiopatologica<\/th><th>Esempi di condizioni e farmaci<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Malattie endocrine<\/td><td>Iperparatiroidismo primario, sindrome di Cushing, ipertiroidismo, ipogonadismo, diabete di tipo 1 e 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malattie gastrointestinali<\/td><td>Celiachia, malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali (MICI), chirurgia bariatrica, malassorbimento<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malattie ematologiche e neoplastiche<\/td><td>Mieloma multiplo, mastocitosi sistemica, leucemie, linfomi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malattie renali<\/td><td>Insufficienza renale cronica, acidosi tubulare renale, osteodistrofia uremica<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Farmaci osteopenizzanti<\/td><td>Glucocorticoidi, eparina, anticonvulsivanti, inibitori dell&#8217;aromatasi, metotrexato, diuretici dell&#8217;ansa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>diagnosi densitometrica <\/strong>di osteoporosi si basa sui criteri stabiliti dall&#8217;Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanit\u00e0 (OMS), che utilizza il <strong>T-score<\/strong> come parametro di riferimento.<sup data-fn=\"e0321ba8-f0a3-43a8-96c9-108679349e75\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#e0321ba8-f0a3-43a8-96c9-108679349e75\" id=\"e0321ba8-f0a3-43a8-96c9-108679349e75-link\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il T-score \u00e8 definito come il numero di <strong>deviazioni standard<\/strong> (DS) di cui il valore di <strong>densit\u00e0 minerale ossea<\/strong> (<strong>BMD<\/strong>) del paziente differisce dal valore medio di una popolazione di riferimento di giovani adulti sani (20-29 anni) dello stesso sesso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Classificazione OMS<\/th><th>Criterio T-score<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Normalit\u00e0<\/td><td>T-score&nbsp;\u2265 -1.0&nbsp;DS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Osteopenia (bassa massa ossea)<\/td><td>T-score compreso tra&nbsp;<strong>-1.0<\/strong>&nbsp;e&nbsp;<strong>-2.5&nbsp;DS<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Osteoporosi<\/td><td>T-score&nbsp;<strong>\u2264 -2.5&nbsp;DS<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Osteoporosi severa (conclamata)<\/td><td>T-score&nbsp;<strong>\u2264 -2.5&nbsp;DS<\/strong> in presenza di una o pi\u00f9 <strong>fratture <\/strong>da fragilit\u00e0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c8 fondamentale sottolineare che il T-score non \u00e8 l&#8217;unico determinante del rischio di frattura. Molte fratture da fragilit\u00e0 si verificano in soggetti con valori di BMD nel range dell&#8217;osteopenia, rendendo necessaria una valutazione clinica globale che includa <strong>fattori di rischio<\/strong> indipendenti dalla densit\u00e0 ossea.<sup data-fn=\"23c54aa6-fff4-4f70-afb4-44a53bf77151\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#23c54aa6-fff4-4f70-afb4-44a53bf77151\" id=\"23c54aa6-fff4-4f70-afb4-44a53bf77151-link\">5<\/a><\/sup> Tra questi, l&#8217;et\u00e0 avanzata, una precedente frattura da fragilit\u00e0 e la familiarit\u00e0 per frattura di femore sono i predittori pi\u00f9 potenti.<sup data-fn=\"c2896d28-0cba-42e2-b099-2ee5719448c2\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#c2896d28-0cba-42e2-b099-2ee5719448c2\" id=\"c2896d28-0cba-42e2-b099-2ee5719448c2-link\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-carousel-v2 cb-carousel-block cb-single-slide\" data-cb-slides-per-view=\"1\" data-cb-slides-per-group=\"1\" data-cb-space-between=\"15\" data-cb-speed=\"300\" data-cb-navigation=\"true\" data-cb-pagination=\"true\" data-cb-breakpoints=\"{&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}}\"><div class=\"swiper\"><div class=\"cb-wrapper swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ec93cd0&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ec93cd0\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"441\" height=\"419\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png 441w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-300x285.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">La frattura vertebrale viene definita secondo il metodo semiquantitativo (SQ) di Genant come una riduzione del 20% di una delle altezze del corpo vertebrale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\"><div id=\"bmscience2904112928\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento....<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ec94afa&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ec94afa\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"411\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-21.png 640w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-21-300x193.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">L&#8217;immagine illustra le tre fasce diagnostiche (normalit\u00e0, osteopenia, osteoporosi) secondo i criteri OMS. Le curve parallele indicano l&#8217;andamento fisiologico della densit\u00e0 minerale ossea (BMD) in base all&#8217;et\u00e0 (media \u00b1 1 deviazione standard). Da questo valore si ricavano il T-score e lo Z-score.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div id=\"bmscience2130422791\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento....<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cb-pagination swiper-pagination\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-prev swiper-button-prev\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-next swiper-button-next\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2143467491\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento&#8230;.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"principi-fisici-della-mineralometria-ossea-computerizzata-moc-5944fcc7-92e8-4124-8836-702f7d8e6881\">Principi fisici della Mineralometria Ossea Computerizzata (MOC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La tecnica di riferimento per la misurazione della BMD \u00e8 la <em><strong>Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry<\/strong><\/em> (<strong>DXA<\/strong>).<sup data-fn=\"ebf52b8f-e597-4a17-90e5-c50745ba475f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ebf52b8f-e597-4a17-90e5-c50745ba475f\" id=\"ebf52b8f-e597-4a17-90e5-c50745ba475f-link\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il principio fisico su cui si basa la DXA \u00e8 l&#8217;attenuazione differenziale di un fascio di raggi X a due diversi livelli energetici. Quando un fascio di fotoni attraversa il corpo umano, l&#8217;attenuazione subita dipende dall&#8217;energia dei fotoni stessi, dallo spessore del tessuto e dalla composizione atomica del materiale attraversato (numero atomico efficace).<sup data-fn=\"7d8751bb-b371-4d7d-b9d9-09205f300b51\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#7d8751bb-b371-4d7d-b9d9-09205f300b51\" id=\"7d8751bb-b371-4d7d-b9d9-09205f300b51-link\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lequazione-dellattenuazione-e-il-calcolo-della-bmd-b1097594-40c5-4f5c-9c54-2fa47fe795ce\">L&#8217;equazione dell&#8217;attenuazione e il calcolo della BMD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;attenuazione dei raggi X attraverso un mezzo pu\u00f2 essere descritta dalla <strong>legge di Beer-Lambert<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-math\"><math display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow style=\"font-weight:bold;\"><mi>\ud835\udc70<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\ud835\udc70<\/mi><mstyle style=\"font-style:italic;font-family:Cambria, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-weight:bold;\"><mn>0<\/mn><\/mstyle><\/msub><msup><mi>\ud835\udc86<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mi>\ud835\udf41<\/mi><mi>\ud835\udc85<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\boldsymbol{I = I_0 e^{-\\mu d}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience3284618602\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 15px;float: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4dIkWpW\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Screenshot 2025-05-28 200302\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Screenshot-2025-05-28-200302.png\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Screenshot-2025-05-28-200302.png 442w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Screenshot-2025-05-28-200302-300x229.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>dove&nbsp;<em><strong>I<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;\u00e8 l&#8217;intensit\u00e0 del fascio trasmesso,&nbsp;<em><strong>I<\/strong><\/em><sub><strong>0<\/strong><\/sub>\u200b&nbsp;l&#8217;intensit\u00e0 iniziale,<strong>&nbsp;<em>\u03bc<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;il coefficiente di attenuazione lineare e&nbsp;<em><strong>d<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;lo spessore del materiale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poich\u00e9 il corpo umano \u00e8 composto da diversi tessuti, in particolare tessuto osseo e <strong>tessuti molli <\/strong>(muscolo e grasso), un singolo raggio energetico non \u00e8 sufficiente per distinguere tra una variazione di spessore del tessuto molle e una variazione della densit\u00e0 minerale ossea.<sup data-fn=\"5aecc8d5-985c-4651-b9d8-3ef2ccd68dfb\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#5aecc8d5-985c-4651-b9d8-3ef2ccd68dfb\" id=\"5aecc8d5-985c-4651-b9d8-3ef2ccd68dfb-link\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;utilizzo di due energie (tipicamente picchi intorno a <strong>40 keV<\/strong> e <strong>100 keV<\/strong>) permette di creare un sistema di due equazioni in due incognite, consentendo di sottrarre matematicamente il contributo dei tessuti molli e isolare l&#8217;assorbimento dovuto esclusivamente al <strong>minerale osseo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342eca4147&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342eca4147\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"447\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-7.png 400w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-7-268x300.png 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342eca45e5&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342eca45e5\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"550\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-10.png 585w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-10-300x282.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Il software calcola quindi il <strong><em>Bone Mineral Content<\/em><\/strong> (<strong>BMC<\/strong>, espresso in grammi) e la <strong><em>Bone Area <\/em><\/strong>(<em>cm<\/em><sup>2<\/sup>), derivando la <em><strong>Bone Mineral Density<\/strong><\/em> (<strong>BMD<\/strong>) come rapporto tra i due (<em>g<\/em>\/<em>cm<\/em><sup>2<\/sup>). \u00c8 importante notare che la DXA fornisce una densit\u00e0 areale, non volumetrica; pertanto, le ossa di dimensioni maggiori possono apparire artificialmente pi\u00f9 dense di quanto non siano realmente, un limite intrinseco della proiezione bidimensionale.<sup data-fn=\"e293e57e-a202-42f6-a869-69d9bc2a3424\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#e293e57e-a202-42f6-a869-69d9bc2a3424\" id=\"e293e57e-a202-42f6-a869-69d9bc2a3424-link\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tecniche-di-generazione-del-fascio-duale-22b05ee9-74a3-4778-80b1-1d17fdf4dcfc\">Tecniche di generazione del fascio duale<\/h3>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience1055416697\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3YIaBE4\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Immagine 2025-05-13 141638\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Immagine-2025-05-13-141638.png\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Immagine-2025-05-13-141638.png 327w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Immagine-2025-05-13-141638-252x300.png 252w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" width=\"300\" height=\"358\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Esistono due metodi principali per generare le due energie necessarie per la DXA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>commutazione rapida del potenziale del tubo (<em>Voltage Switching<\/em>):<\/strong>&nbsp;il tubo radiologico alterna rapidamente la tensione tra 100 kVp e 140 kVp. Questo metodo richiede sistemi elettronici complessi per stabilizzare l&#8217;emissione e il rilevamento sincronizzato;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>filtrazione <em>K-edge<\/em> (<em>rare-earth filtration<\/em>):<\/strong>&nbsp;il tubo opera a tensione costante, ma il fascio passa attraverso un filtro di terre rare (come il cerio o il gadolinio) che presenta un&#8217;improvvisa variazione di assorbimento (<em>K-edge<\/em>). Questo divide lo spettro di emissione in due picchi energetici distinti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342eca946e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342eca946e\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"347\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-12.png 390w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-12-300x267.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342eca98f1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342eca98f1\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"387\" height=\"357\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-14.png 387w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-14-300x277.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La tecnologia dei rivelatori si \u00e8 evoluta dai <strong>sistemi a raggio sottile<\/strong> (&#8220;<em>pencil beam<\/em>&#8220;), che scansionano il corpo pixel per pixel con un unico rivelatore, ai <strong>sistemi a raggio a ventaglio<\/strong> (&#8220;<em>fan beam<\/em>&#8220;), che utilizzano una schiera di rivelatori per acquisire un&#8217;intera riga di dati simultaneamente.<sup data-fn=\"fda5a8a4-6487-4586-bd37-a7aed43e9f5e\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#fda5a8a4-6487-4586-bd37-a7aed43e9f5e\" id=\"fda5a8a4-6487-4586-bd37-a7aed43e9f5e-link\">11<\/a><\/sup> Sebbene i sistemi <em>fan beam<\/em> siano molto pi\u00f9 veloci, introducono una leggera distorsione geometrica e richiedono algoritmi di correzione per l&#8217;ingrandimento, oltre a comportare una dose di radiazioni leggermente superiore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342eca9e27&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342eca9e27\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"573\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-17.png 522w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-17-273x300.png 273w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecaa23c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecaa23c\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"498\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-16.png 606w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-16-300x247.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience3683392716\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4l4RJrz\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_.jpg 2311w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_-300x63.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_-1024x217.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_-768x163.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_-1536x325.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/71usyhUMe-L._SX3000_-2048x433.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2311px) 100vw, 2311px\" width=\"2311\" height=\"489\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tomografia-computerizzata-quantitativa-qct-e-pqct-786ab1d0-1b58-46d3-8171-8bc30b3344b7\">Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa (QCT) e pQCT<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26562\" style=\"width:265px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-33.png 500w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-33-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-33-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-33-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>La <strong>Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa<\/strong> (<strong>QCT<\/strong>) rappresenta un&#8217;alternativa tridimensionale alla DXA. Mentre la DXA fornisce una misura bidimensionale che somma l&#8217;osso corticale e quello trabecolare, la QCT \u00e8 in grado di isolare spazialmente l&#8217;osso trabecolare all&#8217;interno del corpo vertebrale.<sup data-fn=\"46dd07c5-a2dc-4113-b4f1-739e5155430d\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#46dd07c5-a2dc-4113-b4f1-739e5155430d\" id=\"46dd07c5-a2dc-4113-b4f1-739e5155430d-link\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Questo \u00e8 clinicamente significativo perch\u00e9 l&#8217;osso trabecolare ha un turnover metabolico circa otto volte superiore rispetto all&#8217;osso corticale, rendendolo pi\u00f9 sensibile ai cambiamenti precoci indotti da malattie o terapie.<sup data-fn=\"0cf913c1-ac12-4e1b-84f1-f2e100375f3a\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#0cf913c1-ac12-4e1b-84f1-f2e100375f3a\" id=\"0cf913c1-ac12-4e1b-84f1-f2e100375f3a-link\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"calibrazione-e-unita-hounsfield-060bc7c9-0932-4ea6-a05d-2eaf7455000e\">Calibrazione e Unit\u00e0 Hounsfield<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecac0a8&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecac0a8\" class=\"alignright size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"643\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26563\" style=\"width:289px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-34.png 643w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-34-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-34-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-34-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Il processo QCT trasforma uno scanner TC convenzionale in uno strumento densitometrico attraverso l&#8217;uso di un fantoccio di calibrazione (<em>phantom<\/em>) posizionato sotto il paziente durante l&#8217;acquisizione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il <em>phantom <\/em>contiene concentrazioni note di <strong>idrossiapatite di calcio<\/strong> (<strong>CaHA<\/strong>) espresse in&nbsp;<em>mg<\/em>\/<em>cm<\/em><sup>3<\/sup>. Il software correla i valori di attenuazione (espressi in Unit\u00e0 <em>Hounsfield<\/em>, HU) dei pixel ossei con quelli del <em>phantom<\/em>, generando una <strong>curva di calibrazione<\/strong> che permette di convertire gli HU in densit\u00e0 minerale volumetrica (<strong>vBMD<\/strong>).<sup data-fn=\"9ae67038-fc39-484b-bc14-e21ea866e739\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#9ae67038-fc39-484b-bc14-e21ea866e739\" id=\"9ae67038-fc39-484b-bc14-e21ea866e739-link\">14<\/a><\/sup> <sup data-fn=\"92819f40-0b90-4f0e-95b0-ff895f9985b1\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#92819f40-0b90-4f0e-95b0-ff895f9985b1\" id=\"92819f40-0b90-4f0e-95b0-ff895f9985b1-link\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parametro<\/th><th>DXA (MOC)<\/th><th>QCT (vBMD)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Unit\u00e0 di misura<\/td><td><em>g<\/em>\/<em>cm<\/em><sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;(areale)<\/td><td><em>mg<\/em>\/<em>cm<\/em><sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;(volumetrica)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distinzione corticale\/trabecolare<\/td><td>no (somma dei due)<\/td><td>s\u00ec (isolamento selettivo)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sensibilit\u00e0 agli osteofiti<\/td><td>elevata (sovrastima BMD)<\/td><td>bassa (esclusione spaziale)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dose di radiazioni<\/td><td>molto bassa (\u223c&nbsp;1-15&nbsp;<em>\u03bc<\/em>Sv)<\/td><td>moderata (200-400&nbsp;<em>\u03bc<\/em>Sv) <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>QCT periferica<\/strong> (pQCT) applica gli stessi principi a siti come l&#8217;<strong>avambraccio<\/strong> o la <strong>tibia<\/strong>, permettendo non solo la misurazione della densit\u00e0 ma anche l&#8217;analisi della geometria ossea e degli indici di resistenza meccanica (come lo <strong><em>Stress-Strain Index<\/em><\/strong>, <strong>SSI<\/strong>) con dosi di radiazioni estremamente contenute.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2990439202\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4ki3biQ\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR0,0,3000,600_SX1920_\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR003000600_SX1920_.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR003000600_SX1920_.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR003000600_SX1920_-300x60.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR003000600_SX1920_-1024x205.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR003000600_SX1920_-768x154.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/9569efc2-fa8f-451d-8ba2-056a89d56b56._CR003000600_SX1920_-1536x307.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" width=\"1920\" height=\"384\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ultrasonografia-ossea-quantitativa-qus-2dd8a411-47f6-43ee-a122-546e0910e69e\">Ultrasonografia Ossea Quantitativa (QUS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;<strong>ultrasonografia quantitativa<\/strong> (<strong>QUS<\/strong>) non utilizza radiazioni ionizzanti e valuta le propriet\u00e0 dell&#8217;osso attraverso la propagazione di onde acustiche ad alta frequenza (solitamente nel range 0.1-1.0 MHz).<sup data-fn=\"ec0f05b8-4b36-4e6d-bc61-cf24af61b459\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ec0f05b8-4b36-4e6d-bc61-cf24af61b459\" id=\"ec0f05b8-4b36-4e6d-bc61-cf24af61b459-link\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il sito di misurazione pi\u00f9 comune \u00e8 il <strong>calcagno<\/strong>, scelto per la sua elevata percentuale di osso trabecolare e per l&#8217;accessibilit\u00e0 anatomica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"parametri-qus-sos-e-bua-212799be-d40b-474f-9d28-bbd7b7e33f77\">Parametri QUS: SOS e BUA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La QUS fornisce informazioni che vanno oltre la semplice densit\u00e0 minerale, riflettendo anche propriet\u00e0 qualitative come l&#8217;<strong>elasticit\u00e0<\/strong> e l&#8217;<strong>integrit\u00e0 strutturale delle trabecole<\/strong>. I due parametri principali sono:<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience1039536712\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4m9OkbU\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Progetto senza titolo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Progetto-senza-titolo.gif\" alt=\"\"  width=\"300\" height=\"300\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Speed of Sound<\/em> (SOS):<\/strong>&nbsp;misura la velocit\u00e0 di attraversamento dell&#8217;onda attraverso l&#8217;osso (<em>m<\/em>\/<em>s<\/em>). La velocit\u00e0 \u00e8 influenzata dalla densit\u00e0 e dalle propriet\u00e0 elastiche (<strong>modulo di Young)<\/strong> del tessuto. In un osso osteoporotico, la velocit\u00e0 diminuisce a causa della perdita di minerale e della riduzione del modulo elastico;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation<\/em> (BUA):<\/strong>&nbsp;descrive la perdita di energia (attenuazione) dell&#8217;onda sonora mentre attraversa l&#8217;osso, misurata in&nbsp;<em>dB<\/em>\/<em>MHz<\/em>. L&#8217;attenuazione \u00e8 causata principalmente dallo <strong><em>scattering <\/em><\/strong>(dispersione) delle onde sulle trabecole ossee; una struttura trabecolare rarefatta produce meno attenuazione rispetto a una fitta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Molti sistemi combinano SOS e BUA in un unico valore, il &#8220;<em><strong>Stiffness Index<\/strong><\/em>&#8221; o &#8220;<em><strong>Quantitative Ultrasound Index<\/strong><\/em>&#8221; (<strong>QUI<\/strong>), che offre una precisione clinica superiore rispetto ai singoli parametri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sebbene la QUS sia un eccellente predittore del rischio di frattura, non pu\u00f2 essere utilizzata per la diagnosi formale di osteoporosi secondo i criteri OMS, i quali rimangono legati esclusivamente alla tecnica DXA.<sup data-fn=\"cd2b7bb1-a7e4-4dc9-bf64-e609170c059f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#cd2b7bb1-a7e4-4dc9-bf64-e609170c059f\" id=\"cd2b7bb1-a7e4-4dc9-bf64-e609170c059f-link\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecb27a2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecb27a2\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"501\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-36.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-36.png 656w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-36-300x229.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Esempi di segnale ultrasonoro propagato attraverso un osso normale <strong>(A) <\/strong>e un osso osteoporotico <strong>(B)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div id=\"bmscience605144734\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento....<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2477035111\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3LwxOFy\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"ezgif-15bd77c207ead8f7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ezgif-15bd77c207ead8f7.gif\" alt=\"\"  width=\"800\" height=\"160\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"indicazioni-cliniche-e-criteri-di-accesso-8454fc95-4d21-4736-88b2-d5d9031912ad\">Indicazioni cliniche e criteri di accesso<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Italia, l&#8217;accesso alla densitometria ossea \u00e8 regolato da <strong>linee guida nazionali (SIOMMMS) <\/strong>e dai <strong>Livelli Essenziali di Assistenza <\/strong>(<strong>LEA<\/strong>), che definiscono le categorie di pazienti per le quali l&#8217;esame \u00e8 clinicamente giustificato e rimborsabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"soggetti-a-rischio-e-tempistiche-03fbec5f-1269-4e55-b151-e9e46769c7dc\">Soggetti a rischio e tempistiche<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le indicazioni principali includono:<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience3108548942\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/43tOmU3\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Cattura\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-20.png\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-20.png 319w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-20-249x300.png 249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\" width=\"280\" height=\"337\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>donne di et\u00e0 &gt; 65 anni e uomini &gt; 70 anni, indipendentemente dai fattori di rischio;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soggetti con pregresse fratture da fragilit\u00e0 (vertebrali, femorali, di polso o omero);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pazienti in terapia cronica con farmaci che inducono perdita ossea, in particolare <strong>glucocorticoidi <\/strong>(equivalenti a&nbsp;\u2265&nbsp;5 mg\/die di prednisone per &gt; 3 mesi);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>condizioni patologiche associate a osteoporosi secondaria (iperparatiroidismo, celiachia, ipogonadismo);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>donne in post-menopausa precoce (&lt; 45 anni) o con periodi prolungati di amenorrea (&gt; 6 mesi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Il monitoraggio densitometrico non deve essere eseguito a intervalli troppo brevi. Generalmente, un intervallo di <strong>18-24 mesi <\/strong>\u00e8 appropriato per valutare la risposta alla terapia o l&#8217;evoluzione della patologia, poich\u00e9 le variazioni biologiche della BMD sono lente.<br>Un follow-up pi\u00f9 frequente (12 mesi) pu\u00f2 essere considerato solo in casi di perdita ossea estremamente rapida, come l&#8217;inizio di terapie steroidee ad alte dosi o dopo trapianti d&#8217;organo.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience958364171\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4jGGZzc\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Cattura\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-17.png\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-17.png 1064w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-17-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-17-1024x219.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Cattura-17-768x165.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1064px) 100vw, 1064px\" width=\"1064\" height=\"228\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"protocolli-di-acquisizione-e-criteri-di-qualita-4c11ba74-54bc-4de5-aa23-d0223813a904\">Protocolli di acquisizione e criteri di qualit\u00e0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;affidabilit\u00e0 della DXA dipende criticamente dal rigoroso rispetto dei protocolli di acquisizione. Gli <strong>errori di posizionamento <\/strong>sono la causa principale di referti non accurati.<sup data-fn=\"ec5e21a5-b4c9-4840-90e1-f00a78a90195\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ec5e21a5-b4c9-4840-90e1-f00a78a90195\" id=\"ec5e21a5-b4c9-4840-90e1-f00a78a90195-link\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scansione-della-colonna-lombare-l1l4-07d43806-2951-4751-bf81-03473dd5ab9f\">Scansione della colonna lombare (L1-L4)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il paziente deve essere posizionato <strong>supino <\/strong>con i femori flessi a <strong>90 gradi<\/strong> su un apposito cubo di gommapiuma per ridurre la lordosi lombare e appiattire la colonna sul tavolo di scansione.<sup data-fn=\"7a6d39d8-7a00-4706-9c09-d4a66cda5933\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#7a6d39d8-7a00-4706-9c09-d4a66cda5933\" id=\"7a6d39d8-7a00-4706-9c09-d4a66cda5933-link\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;immagine acquisita deve essere centrata, con la colonna parallela ai bordi e deve includere la parte superiore delle creste iliache e l&#8217;ultima coppia di coste (T12) come punti di riferimento anatomico.<sup data-fn=\"2a742028-013f-4eff-b558-6f6652c3094e\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#2a742028-013f-4eff-b558-6f6652c3094e\" id=\"2a742028-013f-4eff-b558-6f6652c3094e-link\">20<\/a><\/sup> Un&#8217;analisi corretta richiede l&#8217;inclusione di almeno due vertebre contigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Una vertebra deve essere esclusa se \u00e8 presente una <strong>frattura<\/strong>, un&#8217;alterazione strutturale grossolana (come un <strong>emangioma <\/strong>o <strong>esiti chirurgici<\/strong>) o se il suo T-score differisce di oltre 1.0 DS rispetto alle vertebre adiacenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-carousel-v2 cb-carousel-block cb-single-slide\" data-cb-slides-per-view=\"1\" data-cb-slides-per-group=\"1\" data-cb-space-between=\"15\" data-cb-speed=\"300\" data-cb-navigation=\"true\" data-cb-pagination=\"true\" data-cb-breakpoints=\"{&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}}\"><div class=\"swiper\"><div class=\"cb-wrapper swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbacd5&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbacd5\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4.png 960w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbb19e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbb19e\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"743\" height=\"483\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25.png 743w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-25-300x195.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbb666&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbb666\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"922\" height=\"502\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-28.png 922w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-28-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-28-768x418.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cb-pagination swiper-pagination\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-prev swiper-button-prev\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-next swiper-button-next\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scansione-del-femore-prossimale-cddf97b4-8109-481c-bb22-80279129159b\">Scansione del femore prossimale<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26555\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.6939364773820982;width:394px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-26.png 725w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-26-300x177.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Per il femore, \u00e8 essenziale indurre una rotazione interna dell&#8217;arto di circa <strong>15-25 gradi<\/strong> utilizzando un apposito posizionatore per i piedi. Questa manovra serve a distendere il collo femorale, portandolo parallelo al piano di scansione e riducendo la sovrapposizione del grande trocantere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il piccolo trocantere deve essere minimamente visibile o assente in una scansione eseguita correttamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le regioni di interesse (<strong>ROI<\/strong>) diagnostiche sono il &#8220;<strong>collo femorale<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong><em>Femoral Neck<\/em><\/strong>) e il &#8220;<strong>femore totale<\/strong>&#8221; (<em><strong>Total Hip<\/strong><\/em>). Il valore di BMD pi\u00f9 basso tra i due deve essere utilizzato per la classificazione densitometrica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;<strong>area di Ward<\/strong> non deve essere usata per la diagnosi a causa della sua elevata variabilit\u00e0 e piccola dimensione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-carousel-v2 cb-carousel-block cb-single-slide\" data-cb-slides-per-view=\"1\" data-cb-slides-per-group=\"1\" data-cb-space-between=\"15\" data-cb-speed=\"300\" data-cb-navigation=\"true\" data-cb-pagination=\"true\" data-cb-breakpoints=\"{&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}}\"><div class=\"swiper\"><div class=\"cb-wrapper swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\"><div id=\"bmscience3052243645\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento....<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbbf30&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbbf30\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"651\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-6-1024x651.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-6-1024x651.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-6-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-6-768x488.png 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-6.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Valutazione <strong>DEXA <\/strong>della densit\u00e0 minerale ossea del collo femorale <strong>(A)<\/strong> e della colonna lombare <strong>(B)<\/strong>: sono stati riscontrati T-score di -4,2 e -4,3 rispettivamente a livello dell&#8217;anca (A) e della colonna lombare (B), in un paziente maschio di 53 anni affetto da malattia di Fabry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbc406&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbc406\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"982\" height=\"688\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-30.png 982w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-30-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-30-768x538.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 982px) 100vw, 982px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\"><div id=\"bmscience3399127599\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento....<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cb-pagination swiper-pagination\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-prev swiper-button-prev\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-next swiper-button-next\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2022741210\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3UMOY3a\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021.jpg 2335w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021-1024x202.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021-768x151.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021-1536x303.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0a55f207-e277-4359-8326-25eeec6cb021-2048x403.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2335px) 100vw, 2335px\" width=\"2335\" height=\"460\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sorgenti-derrore-e-limiti-della-metodica-e43dbe43-99cf-493e-9d45-6b76baf3483c\">Sorgenti d&#8217;errore e limiti della metodica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nonostante la DXA sia il <strong>gold standard<\/strong>, essa \u00e8 soggetta a numerosi artefatti che possono portare a una sovrastima o sottostima della densit\u00e0 ossea, influenzando le decisioni cliniche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-carousel-v2 cb-carousel-block cb-single-slide\" data-cb-slides-per-view=\"1\" data-cb-slides-per-group=\"1\" data-cb-space-between=\"15\" data-cb-speed=\"300\" data-cb-navigation=\"true\" data-cb-pagination=\"true\" data-cb-breakpoints=\"{&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}}\"><div class=\"swiper\"><div class=\"cb-wrapper swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"604\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-37.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-37.png 604w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-37-300x212.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Differenze nell&#8217;etichettatura dei corpi vertebrali.<br><\/strong>Il confronto della BMD L1-L4 di questi due esami ha mostrato un&#8217;apparente perdita di BMD al momento della seconda DXA. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\">Quando i corpi vertebrali sono stati etichettati in modo corretto, la BMD \u00e8 risultata stabile.<br><strong>(A)<\/strong> La prima scansione DXA fornisce una BMD di 0,767 g\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>.<br><strong>(B) <\/strong>La seconda scansione fornisce una BMD di 0,730 g\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>. L'etichettatura dei corpi vertebrali \u00e8 diversa rispetto a quella della prima scansione DXA, portando a un confronto della BMD non valido.<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbe882&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbe882\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"601\" height=\"320\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-38.png 601w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-38-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ogni produttore ha i propri standard per il corretto posizionamento del box del collo femorale. Il tecnico deve posizionare il box del collo nella medesima posizione negli esami seriati. In questo caso, le due immagini sono identiche, con il box del collo femorale posizionato correttamente a destra. Se queste fossero scansioni diverse eseguite per valutare eventuali variazioni nel tempo, qualsiasi confronto risulterebbe non valido.<br><strong>(A) <\/strong>Analisi errata: T-score del collo femorale = -3,2. <strong>(B)<\/strong> Analisi corretta: T-score del collo femorale = -3,0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:29%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cb-pagination swiper-pagination\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-prev swiper-button-prev\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-next swiper-button-next\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"artefatti-degenerativi-e-calcificazioni-a1c82601-7ae6-4d1c-a6cd-770e9e3840c3\">Artefatti degenerativi e calcificazioni<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dopo i 65 anni, la colonna lombare diventa spesso inaffidabile per la diagnosi a causa dell&#8217;<strong>artrosi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gli <strong>osteofiti<\/strong>, la <strong>sclerosi <\/strong>delle faccette articolari e le <strong>calcificazioni <\/strong>dei legamenti vengono proiettati nell&#8217;area di scansione e aggiungono &#8220;massa minerale&#8221; che non appartiene al corpo vertebrale, portando a un T-score falsamente elevato.<sup data-fn=\"eb53bbf3-8342-4ac4-a831-416a4c46500e\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#eb53bbf3-8342-4ac4-a831-416a4c46500e\" id=\"eb53bbf3-8342-4ac4-a831-416a4c46500e-link\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allo stesso modo, le <strong>calcificazioni dell&#8217;aorta addominale<\/strong>, visibili come formazioni radiopache davanti alla colonna, contribuiscono alla sovrastima della BMD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In questi casi, la valutazione del femore prossimale \u00e8 considerata pi\u00f9 accurata per la diagnosi di osteoporosi sistemica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-carousel-v2 cb-carousel-block cb-single-slide\" data-cb-slides-per-view=\"1\" data-cb-slides-per-group=\"1\" data-cb-space-between=\"15\" data-cb-speed=\"300\" data-cb-navigation=\"true\" data-cb-pagination=\"true\" data-cb-breakpoints=\"{&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1}}\"><div class=\"swiper\"><div class=\"cb-wrapper swiper-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbf041&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbf041\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"543\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-9-1024x543.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-9-1024x543.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-9-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-9-768x407.png 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-9-1536x815.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-9-2048x1086.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Un esempio di caso di discordanza alla DXA dovuto a grave scoliosi e spondiloartrosi.<br>L&#8217;immagine <strong>(A)<\/strong> \u00e8 la scansione QCT che mostra valori di vBMD molto bassi, nel range dell&#8217;osteoporosi, secondo i criteri dell&#8217;<em>American College of Radiology<\/em>.<br>L&#8217;immagine <strong>(B) <\/strong>mostra la corrispondente scansione DXA con valori di T-score nel range dell&#8217;osteopenia, a causa della sovrastima della BMD provocata dalla spondiloartrosi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cb-slide-v2 cb-slide swiper-slide\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e342ecbf46d&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e342ecbf46d\" class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"510\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-40.png 908w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-40-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-40-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-40-373x210.png 373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Ingrandisci\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Effetto della spondiloartrosi e delle fratture vertebrali sull&#8217;affidabilit\u00e0 della DXA.<\/strong><br><strong>(A, B)<\/strong> Le alterazioni artrosiche focali a livello di L2 (freccia in A) alterano il T-score totale; l&#8217;esclusione di tale vertebra (B) rivela la reale condizione di osteoporosi, correggendo la sovrastima di osteopenia. <strong>(C, D)<\/strong> Un&#8217;alterazione strutturale di L1, ridotta in altezza e sclerotica (C), causa un marcato incremento artefattuale del T-score (-0.8), con frattura ben visibile al controllo radiografico (freccia in D).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"cb-pagination swiper-pagination\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-prev swiper-button-prev\"><\/div><div class=\"cb-button-next swiper-button-next\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fattori-legati-al-paziente-82369a6c-2c3b-404d-92b2-8ae0fbf09a79\">Fattori legati al paziente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;<strong>obesit\u00e0<\/strong> estrema pu\u00f2 degradare la qualit\u00e0 dell&#8217;immagine a causa dello scattering dei fotoni nei tessuti molli addominali, aumentando il rumore di fondo e riducendo la precisione. Al contrario, pazienti estremamente <strong>magri <\/strong>o con bassa statura possono ricevere una diagnosi di osteoporosi dovuta puramente a un effetto geometrico di sottostima dell&#8217;area ossea (effetto &#8220;<em>small bone<\/em>&#8220;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Altre sorgenti di errore includono la presenza di <strong>mezzi di contrasto <\/strong>radiologici residui (bario, iodio) o pregressi interventi chirurgici con <strong>mezzi di sintesi metallic<\/strong>i.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience932322114\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4jEmjrQ\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-300x40.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-1024x137.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-768x102.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-1536x205.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Exp_Storefront_Hero_Banner_DT_3000x400-2048x273.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"341\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dosimetria-e-radioprotezione-f0fd5c94-cb07-43d3-a856-cf4de27b8431\">Dosimetria e radioprotezione<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In conformit\u00e0 con il <strong>decreto legislativo 101\/2020<\/strong>, che recepisce la <strong>direttiva Euratom 2013\/59<\/strong>, ogni esposizione medica deve essere giustificata e ottimizzata.<sup data-fn=\"9ece77f1-30cd-4e2e-a157-dbe0dbf166aa\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#9ece77f1-30cd-4e2e-a157-dbe0dbf166aa\" id=\"9ece77f1-30cd-4e2e-a157-dbe0dbf166aa-link\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La densitometria ossea DXA si distingue per livelli di esposizione estremamente contenuti, rendendola una delle procedure radiologiche pi\u00f9 sicure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"confronto-delle-dosi-efficaci-98d7cde3-8cd7-41b5-a688-0dcb0a3631ba\">Confronto delle dosi efficaci<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>dose efficace <\/strong>per un esame DXA standard (colonna + femore) \u00e8 compresa tra 1 e 15 microSievert (<em>\u03bc<\/em>Sv). Per contestualizzare questi valori, \u00e8 possibile confrontarli con altre fonti di esposizione:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Procedura \/ Fonte<\/th><th>Dose Efficace approssimativa (<em>\u03bc<\/em>Sv)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Radiazione di fondo naturale (giornaliera)<\/td><td>\u223c 7-10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Volo transatlantico<\/td><td>\u223c 30-50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Radiografia del torace (2 proiezioni)<\/td><td>\u223c 50-100<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Densitometria DXA<\/td><td>1-15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa (QCT)<\/td><td>200-400<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"obblighi-del-d-lgs-1012020-nel-referto-8b6b599b-f868-4a5d-8f53-689cac992b7f\">Obblighi del D.Lgs 101\/2020 nel referto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La normativa vigente impone che il referto di ogni prestazione radiologica includa l&#8217;indicazione della dose di radiazioni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nelle more di una definizione precisa dei parametri dosimetrici per ogni specifica apparecchiatura, la Federazione delle Societ\u00e0 Scientifiche Radiologiche (come la <strong>SIRM<\/strong>) ha proposto l&#8217;adozione delle &#8220;<strong>Classi di Dose<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La densitometria ossea DXA ricade pienamente nella&nbsp;<strong>Classe I<\/strong>&nbsp;(dose efficace &lt; 1 mSv). Il referto deve pertanto riportare esplicitamente la dicitura:&nbsp;<em>&#8220;<strong>Classe di dose secondo l&#8217;art. 161 del D.Lgs 101\/2020: Classe I<\/strong>&#8220;<\/em>. Questo garantisce la trasparenza verso il paziente e il rispetto dei requisiti legali di tracciabilit\u00e0 dell&#8217;esposizione.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience1957058670\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24153' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento&#8230;<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-refertazione-e-linterpretazione-clinica-f84f64d1-4352-4153-abfe-1e7935540140\">La refertazione e l&#8217;interpretazione clinica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un referto densitometrico di alta qualit\u00e0 non deve limitarsi a riportare i valori numerici, ma deve fornire un&#8217;interpretazione che guidi il clinico nella gestione del paziente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"requisiti-minimi-del-referto-iscdsiommms-bc90572a-0680-4dce-a319-9f22dc027f82\">Requisiti minimi del referto (ISCD\/SIOMMMS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondo le posizioni ufficiali della <em>International Society for Clinical Densitometry<\/em> (<strong>ISCD<\/strong>) e della SIOMMMS, il referto deve contenere:<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience520094446\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4960xKC\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"echo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/echo.gif\" alt=\"\"  width=\"300\" height=\"250\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>identificazione tecnica:<\/strong>&nbsp;modello dello strumento e versione del software;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>dati biometrici:<\/strong>&nbsp;et\u00e0, sesso ed etnia del paziente (essenziali poich\u00e9 i database di riferimento variano per questi parametri);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>dettaglio delle ROI:<\/strong>&nbsp;indicazione chiara delle vertebre incluse\/escluse e del lato del femore scansionato;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>parametri quantitativi:<\/strong>&nbsp;BMD assoluta (<em>g<\/em>\/<em>cm<\/em><sup>2<\/sup>), T-score (per donne post-menopausa e uomini &gt; 50 anni) e Z-score;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>giudizio diagnostico:<\/strong>&nbsp;classificazione secondo i criteri OMS;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>analisi del trend:<\/strong>&nbsp;se \u00e8 disponibile un esame precedente, il referto deve indicare se la variazione della BMD \u00e8 statisticamente significativa. Questo calcolo deve basarsi sulla precisione in vivo del centro, definita come &#8220;Minima Variazione Significativa&#8221; (<em>Least Significant Change<\/em>, LSC). Una variazione \u00e8 considerata reale solo se supera il valore di LSC (tipicamente intorno al 3-5%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"il-ruolo-dello-zscore-46095b3f-9eff-4e6d-8309-6ba7e0d9ee12\">Il ruolo dello Z-score<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mentre il <strong>T-score <\/strong>\u00e8 il parametro per la diagnosi di osteoporosi nell&#8217;anziano e misura la differenza tra la densit\u00e0 ossea misurata nel paziente e il valore medio di giovani adulti dello stesso sesso, lo <strong>Z-score <\/strong>\u00e8 fondamentale per la valutazione di bambini, adolescenti, donne in pre-menopausa e uomini sotto i 50 anni. Misura (in DS) la differenza tra la densit\u00e0 ossea del paziente e il valore medio di soggetti sani di pari et\u00e0 e sesso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In queste popolazioni, non si dovrebbe usare il termine &#8220;osteoporosi&#8221; basandosi solo sulla densitometria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un valore di Z-score&nbsp;\u2264\u22122.0&nbsp;viene definito come &#8220;<strong>densit\u00e0 ossea inferiore al range atteso per l&#8217;et\u00e0<\/strong>&#8221; e deve spingere il medico a ricercare attivamente cause secondarie di perdita ossea o mancato raggiungimento del picco di massa ossea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:70%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-27-1024x612.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-27-1024x612.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-27-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-27-768x459.png 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-27.png 1026w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minime variazioni della densit\u00e0 minerale ossea compromettono significativamente la resistenza scheletrica. Nello specifico, la perdita di 1 deviazione standard (DS) incrementa il rischio di frattura di 2-3 volte.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:30%\"><div id=\"bmscience955426116\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><div data-id='24174' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento....<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2761967234\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3YZlXn1\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-300x50.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-1024x172.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-768x129.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-1536x258.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/71XhFfNRcoL._SX3000_-2048x344.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"430\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusioni-e-prospettive-0c2361fe-ba7a-4e22-bd4b-8ae24f394cd2\">Conclusioni e prospettive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La densitometria ossea rappresenta lo strumento diagnostico insostituibile per la gestione delle malattie metaboliche dello scheletro.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2051602239\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 15px;float: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4m9OkbU\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Progetto senza titolo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Progetto-senza-titolo.gif\" alt=\"\"  width=\"300\" height=\"300\"   \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>La DXA rimane il gold standard per la sua capacit\u00e0 di predire accuratamente il rischio di frattura con un&#8217;esposizione radiologica minima. Tuttavia, la diagnosi densitometrica non deve mai essere isolata dal contesto clinico: fattori come la qualit\u00e0 ossea, il rischio di cadute e le comorbidit\u00e0 del paziente sono altrettanto determinanti per la decisione terapeutica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le tecnologie emergenti, come il <strong><em>Trabecular Bone Score<\/em><\/strong> (TBS) e la <strong>morfometria vertebrale<\/strong> (VFA) integrata nei densitometri, stanno gradualmente spostando il paradigma dalla semplice misurazione della quantit\u00e0 minerale a una valutazione pi\u00f9 complessa della qualit\u00e0 e dell&#8217;integrit\u00e0 strutturale dello scheletro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il futuro della densitometria risiede nell&#8217;integrazione di questi parametri in algoritmi di rischio (come il <strong>FRAX<\/strong>) per identificare con sempre maggiore precisione i pazienti che beneficeranno maggiormente di un intervento farmacologico preventivo.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience1609837854\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 15px;float: right;\"><div style=\"\r\n  width: 200px;\r\n  margin: 0 auto;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n\">\r\n<div data-id='24153' class='amazon-auto-links aal-js-loading'><p class='now-loading-placeholder'>Caricamento&#8230;<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Fonti:<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"64ad323b-b893-4221-8e72-514a1d92d73d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.siommms.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Linee-guida-OP_2015.pdf\">Linee Guida per la Diagnosi, Prevenzione e Terapia dell&#8217;Osteoporosi &#8211; SIOMMMS<\/a> <a href=\"#64ad323b-b893-4221-8e72-514a1d92d73d-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"ae4a191a-b988-4a39-92f2-47e46efc63c5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiologyinfo.org\/en\/info\/dexa\">Bone Density Scan (DEXA or DXA) &#8211; Radiologyinfo.org<\/a> <a href=\"#ae4a191a-b988-4a39-92f2-47e46efc63c5-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"715d19a0-e61e-4b18-a24a-e06e679a2d32\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assr.regione.emilia-romagna.it\/pubblicazioni\/collane-cessate\/archivio-pacchetti\/inserto22007.pdf\/@@download\/file\/inserto2-2007.pdf\">Densit\u00e0 minerale ossea. Quale relazione con le fratture?<\/a> <a href=\"#715d19a0-e61e-4b18-a24a-e06e679a2d32-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"e0321ba8-f0a3-43a8-96c9-108679349e75\"><a href=\"https:\/\/associazionemediciendocrinologi.it\/materiali\/congressi_nazionali\/2012_roma\/per8-01-bonadonna-1.pdf\">Densitometria ossea e morfometria: strumenti, lettura e interpretazione<\/a> <a href=\"#e0321ba8-f0a3-43a8-96c9-108679349e75-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 4\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"23c54aa6-fff4-4f70-afb4-44a53bf77151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simg.it\/Riviste\/rivista_simg\/2024\/04_2024\/13.pdf\">Indicazioni all&#8217;esecuzione della densitometria ossea in Medicina Generale &#8211; SIMG<\/a> <a href=\"#23c54aa6-fff4-4f70-afb4-44a53bf77151-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 5\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"c2896d28-0cba-42e2-b099-2ee5719448c2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simferweb.net\/varie_sito_simfer_allegati\/varie\/lineeGuida\/Linee_Guida_sulla_gestione_dell_Osteoporosi_e_delle_Fratture_da_fragilita\/Linee_Guida_sulla_gestione_dell_Osteoporosi_e_delle_Fratture_da_fragilita.pdf\">Commissione Intersocietaria per l&#8217;Osteoporosi &#8211; simfer<\/a> <a href=\"#c2896d28-0cba-42e2-b099-2ee5719448c2-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 6\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"ebf52b8f-e597-4a17-90e5-c50745ba475f\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dual-energy_X-ray_absorptiometry\">Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a> <a href=\"#ebf52b8f-e597-4a17-90e5-c50745ba475f-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 7\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"7d8751bb-b371-4d7d-b9d9-09205f300b51\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scintica.com\/dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry-how-does-it-work\/\">Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry How Does it Work? &#8211; Scintica Instrumentation<\/a> <a href=\"#7d8751bb-b371-4d7d-b9d9-09205f300b51-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 8\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"5aecc8d5-985c-4651-b9d8-3ef2ccd68dfb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz\/NewDownload\/dexa.pdf\">PRINCIPI FISICI E METODOLOGICI &#8211; Fisiokinesiterapia<\/a> <a href=\"#5aecc8d5-985c-4651-b9d8-3ef2ccd68dfb-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 9\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"e293e57e-a202-42f6-a869-69d9bc2a3424\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/15\/6\/3248\">Comparison Between Quantitative Computed Tomography-Based Bone Mineral Density Values and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Based Parameters of Bone Density and Microarchitecture: A Lumbar Spine Study &#8211; MDPI<\/a> <a href=\"#e293e57e-a202-42f6-a869-69d9bc2a3424-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 10\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"fda5a8a4-6487-4586-bd37-a7aed43e9f5e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/resources\/rpop\/health-professionals\/other-specialities-and-imaging-modalities\/dxa-bone-mineral-densitometry\/patients\">Radiation protection of patients during DXA &#8211; International Atomic Energy Agenc<\/a> <a href=\"#fda5a8a4-6487-4586-bd37-a7aed43e9f5e-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 11\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"46dd07c5-a2dc-4113-b4f1-739e5155430d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantitative_computed_tomography\">Quantitative computed tomography &#8211; Wikipedia<\/a> <a href=\"#46dd07c5-a2dc-4113-b4f1-739e5155430d-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 12\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"0cf913c1-ac12-4e1b-84f1-f2e100375f3a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3339281\/\">Assessment of Technical and Biological Parameters of Volumetric Quantitative Computed Tomography in the Foot: A Phantom Study &#8211; PMC<\/a> <a href=\"#0cf913c1-ac12-4e1b-84f1-f2e100375f3a-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 13\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"9ae67038-fc39-484b-bc14-e21ea866e739\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/paperinformation?paperid=140466\">Retrospective Study of Bone Mineral Density through Phantom-Less Quantitative CT<\/a> <a href=\"#9ae67038-fc39-484b-bc14-e21ea866e739-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 14\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"92819f40-0b90-4f0e-95b0-ff895f9985b1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12174245\/\">Quantification of the difference in hounsfield units of an electron density phantom between a conventional and standing computed tomography machine &#8211; PMC<\/a> <a href=\"#92819f40-0b90-4f0e-95b0-ff895f9985b1-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 15\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"ec0f05b8-4b36-4e6d-bc61-cf24af61b459\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gin.sinitaly.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/pdf\/storico\/2004\/gin_4_2004\/343-Guglielmi-354.pdf\">L&#8217;ultrasonografia ossea quantitativa: stato dell&#8217;arte e prospettive<\/a> <a href=\"#ec0f05b8-4b36-4e6d-bc61-cf24af61b459-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 16\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"cd2b7bb1-a7e4-4dc9-bf64-e609170c059f\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mja.com.au\/journal\/1999\/171\/6\/quantitative-heel-ultrasound-predictor-osteoporosis\">Quantitative heel ultrasound as a predictor for osteoporosis | The Medical Journal of Australia<\/a> <a href=\"#cd2b7bb1-a7e4-4dc9-bf64-e609170c059f-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 17\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"ec5e21a5-b4c9-4840-90e1-f00a78a90195\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40619-021-00916-2\">(PDF) Densitometria Ossea (DEXA): come interpretarla evitando le trappole<\/a> <a href=\"#ec5e21a5-b4c9-4840-90e1-f00a78a90195-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 18\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"7a6d39d8-7a00-4706-9c09-d4a66cda5933\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3891842\/\">Common mistakes in the clinical use of bone mineral density testing &#8211; PMC<\/a> <a href=\"#7a6d39d8-7a00-4706-9c09-d4a66cda5933-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 19\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"2a742028-013f-4eff-b558-6f6652c3094e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.siommms.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/SIOMMMS_2_2021.pdf\">SIOMMMS_2_2021.pdf<\/a> <a href=\"#2a742028-013f-4eff-b558-6f6652c3094e-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 20\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"eb53bbf3-8342-4ac4-a831-416a4c46500e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.associazionemediciendocrinologi.it\/images\/eventi\/congressi-nazionali\/2019\/Hands-on\/3-DXA\/02_madeo.pdf\">Errori e pitfalls della densitometria ossea &#8211; Associazione Medici Endocrinologi<\/a> <a href=\"#eb53bbf3-8342-4ac4-a831-416a4c46500e-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 21\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"9ece77f1-30cd-4e2e-a157-dbe0dbf166aa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fisicamedica.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/Documenti\/AIFM\/Documenti%20Intersocietari\/DLgs-101-20-_novita-e-conferme-in-riferimento-alle-esposizioni-mediche.pdf\">D.Lgs. 101\/20: novit\u00e0 e conferme in riferimento alle esposizioni mediche &#8211; AIFM<\/a> <a href=\"#9ece77f1-30cd-4e2e-a157-dbe0dbf166aa-link\" aria-label=\"Salta al riferimento nella nota a pi\u00e8 di pagina 22\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience1565960728\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3GJgM4z\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"81dBAutH25L._SX3000_\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_.jpg 2313w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_-300x62.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_-1024x213.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_-768x160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_-1536x319.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/81dBAutH25L._SX3000_-2048x426.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2313px) 100vw, 2313px\" width=\"2313\" height=\"481\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;osteoporosi si definisce come una patologia sistemica dell&#8217;apparato scheletrico, caratterizzata da una compromissione della resistenza ossea che predispone un individuo a un aumentato rischio di fratture. Tale resistenza riflette l&#8217;integrazione di due fattori principali: la densit\u00e0 ossea e la qualit\u00e0 ossea. La densit\u00e0 ossea viene espressa come grammi di minerale per volume o per area,&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/la-densitometria-ossea-nella-pratica-clinica-e-radiologica-analisi-su-osteoporosi-e-tecniche-di-misurazione\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">La densitometria ossea nella pratica clinica e radiologica: analisi su osteoporosi e tecniche di misurazione<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":26557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.siommms.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Linee-guida-OP_2015.pdf\\\">Linee Guida per la Diagnosi, Prevenzione e Terapia dell'Osteoporosi - SIOMMMS<\/a>\",\"id\":\"64ad323b-b893-4221-8e72-514a1d92d73d\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.radiologyinfo.org\/en\/info\/dexa\\\">Bone Density Scan (DEXA or DXA) - Radiologyinfo.org<\/a>\",\"id\":\"ae4a191a-b988-4a39-92f2-47e46efc63c5\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/assr.regione.emilia-romagna.it\/pubblicazioni\/collane-cessate\/archivio-pacchetti\/inserto22007.pdf\/@@download\/file\/inserto2-2007.pdf\\\">Densit\u00e0 minerale ossea. Quale relazione con le fratture?<\/a>\",\"id\":\"715d19a0-e61e-4b18-a24a-e06e679a2d32\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/associazionemediciendocrinologi.it\/materiali\/congressi_nazionali\/2012_roma\/per8-01-bonadonna-1.pdf\\\">Densitometria ossea e morfometria: strumenti, lettura e interpretazione<\/a>\",\"id\":\"e0321ba8-f0a3-43a8-96c9-108679349e75\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.simg.it\/Riviste\/rivista_simg\/2024\/04_2024\/13.pdf\\\">Indicazioni all'esecuzione della densitometria ossea in Medicina Generale - SIMG<\/a>\",\"id\":\"23c54aa6-fff4-4f70-afb4-44a53bf77151\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.simferweb.net\/varie_sito_simfer_allegati\/varie\/lineeGuida\/Linee_Guida_sulla_gestione_dell_Osteoporosi_e_delle_Fratture_da_fragilita\/Linee_Guida_sulla_gestione_dell_Osteoporosi_e_delle_Fratture_da_fragilita.pdf\\\">Commissione Intersocietaria per l'Osteoporosi - simfer<\/a>\",\"id\":\"c2896d28-0cba-42e2-b099-2ee5719448c2\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dual-energy_X-ray_absorptiometry\\\">Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Wikipedia<\/a>\",\"id\":\"ebf52b8f-e597-4a17-90e5-c50745ba475f\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/scintica.com\/dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry-how-does-it-work\/\\\">Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry How Does it Work? - Scintica Instrumentation<\/a>\",\"id\":\"7d8751bb-b371-4d7d-b9d9-09205f300b51\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz\/NewDownload\/dexa.pdf\\\">PRINCIPI FISICI E METODOLOGICI - Fisiokinesiterapia<\/a>\",\"id\":\"5aecc8d5-985c-4651-b9d8-3ef2ccd68dfb\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/15\/6\/3248\\\">Comparison Between Quantitative Computed Tomography-Based Bone Mineral Density Values and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Based Parameters of Bone Density and Microarchitecture: A Lumbar Spine Study - MDPI<\/a>\",\"id\":\"e293e57e-a202-42f6-a869-69d9bc2a3424\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/resources\/rpop\/health-professionals\/other-specialities-and-imaging-modalities\/dxa-bone-mineral-densitometry\/patients\\\">Radiation protection of patients during DXA - International Atomic Energy Agenc<\/a>\",\"id\":\"fda5a8a4-6487-4586-bd37-a7aed43e9f5e\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quantitative_computed_tomography\\\">Quantitative computed tomography - Wikipedia<\/a>\",\"id\":\"46dd07c5-a2dc-4113-b4f1-739e5155430d\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3339281\/\\\">Assessment of Technical and Biological Parameters of Volumetric Quantitative Computed Tomography in the Foot: A Phantom Study - PMC<\/a>\",\"id\":\"0cf913c1-ac12-4e1b-84f1-f2e100375f3a\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/paperinformation?paperid=140466\\\">Retrospective Study of Bone Mineral Density through Phantom-Less Quantitative CT<\/a>\",\"id\":\"9ae67038-fc39-484b-bc14-e21ea866e739\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12174245\/\\\">Quantification of the difference in hounsfield units of an electron density phantom between a conventional and standing computed tomography machine - PMC<\/a>\",\"id\":\"92819f40-0b90-4f0e-95b0-ff895f9985b1\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/gin.sinitaly.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/pdf\/storico\/2004\/gin_4_2004\/343-Guglielmi-354.pdf\\\">L'ultrasonografia ossea quantitativa: stato dell'arte e prospettive<\/a>\",\"id\":\"ec0f05b8-4b36-4e6d-bc61-cf24af61b459\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.mja.com.au\/journal\/1999\/171\/6\/quantitative-heel-ultrasound-predictor-osteoporosis\\\">Quantitative heel ultrasound as a predictor for osteoporosis | The Medical Journal of Australia<\/a>\",\"id\":\"cd2b7bb1-a7e4-4dc9-bf64-e609170c059f\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40619-021-00916-2\\\">(PDF) Densitometria Ossea (DEXA): come interpretarla evitando le trappole<\/a>\",\"id\":\"ec5e21a5-b4c9-4840-90e1-f00a78a90195\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3891842\/\\\">Common mistakes in the clinical use of bone mineral density testing - PMC<\/a>\",\"id\":\"7a6d39d8-7a00-4706-9c09-d4a66cda5933\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.siommms.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/SIOMMMS_2_2021.pdf\\\">SIOMMMS_2_2021.pdf<\/a>\",\"id\":\"2a742028-013f-4eff-b558-6f6652c3094e\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.associazionemediciendocrinologi.it\/images\/eventi\/congressi-nazionali\/2019\/Hands-on\/3-DXA\/02_madeo.pdf\\\">Errori e pitfalls della densitometria ossea - Associazione Medici Endocrinologi<\/a>\",\"id\":\"eb53bbf3-8342-4ac4-a831-416a4c46500e\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/fisicamedica.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/Documenti\/AIFM\/Documenti%20Intersocietari\/DLgs-101-20-_novita-e-conferme-in-riferimento-alle-esposizioni-mediche.pdf\\\">D.Lgs. 101\/20: novit\u00e0 e conferme in riferimento alle esposizioni mediche - AIFM<\/a>\",\"id\":\"9ece77f1-30cd-4e2e-a157-dbe0dbf166aa\"}]"},"categories":[57,12152,11852,17,8252,24],"tags":[11712,12150,12128,1063,12127,12129,12144,12142,12138,12151,12119,12111,12118,12124,12125,12149,3340,10468,12134,12136,12126,12113,12123,12122,12121,5445,12115,12116,12120,12130,12133,12132,12112,12147,12148,12141,12110,12145,12154,6998,12143,12146,12139,12117,12131,12114,12140,12137],"class_list":["post-26510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endocrinologia","category-fisica-medica","category-geriatria","category-ortopedia-e-traumatologia","category-radiologia","category-reumatologia","tag-architettura","tag-area-di-ward","tag-bmc","tag-bmd","tag-bone-mineral-content","tag-bone-mineral-density","tag-broadband-ultrasound-attenuation","tag-bua","tag-caha","tag-decreto-legislativo-101-2020","tag-densita-minerale-ossea","tag-densita-ossea","tag-deviazioni-standard","tag-dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry","tag-dxa","tag-femoral-neck","tag-frattura","tag-fratture","tag-hounsfield","tag-idrossiapatite-di-calcio","tag-legge-di-beer-lambert","tag-mineralizzazione","tag-mineralometria-ossea-computerizzata","tag-moc","tag-osteopenia","tag-osteoporosi","tag-osteoporosi-post-menopausale","tag-osteoporosi-senile","tag-osteoporosi-severa","tag-pencil-beam","tag-pqct","tag-qct","tag-qualita-ossea","tag-quantitative-ultrasound-index","tag-qui","tag-qus","tag-rischio-di-fratture","tag-scattering","tag-siommms","tag-sos","tag-speed-of-sound","tag-stiffness-index","tag-stress-strain-index","tag-t-score","tag-tomografia-computerizzata-quantitativa","tag-turnover","tag-ultrasonografia-quantitativa","tag-vbmd","entry"],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Raffo Coco","author_link":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/author\/raffo\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-28-300x163.png","coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/endocrinologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Endocrinologia<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/fisica-medica\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Fisica Medica<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/geriatria\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Geriatria<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/ortopedia-e-traumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Ortopedia e Traumatologia<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/radiologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Radiologia<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Reumatologia<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Endocrinologia<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Fisica Medica<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Geriatria<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Ortopedia e Traumatologia<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Radiologia<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Reumatologia<\/span>"]},"tags":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Architettura<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">area di Ward<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">BMC<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">BMD<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Bone Mineral Content<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Bone Mineral Density<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">BUA<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">CaHA<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">decreto legislativo 101\/2020<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">densit\u00e0 minerale ossea<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">densit\u00e0 ossea<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">deviazioni standard<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">DXA<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Femoral Neck<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">frattura<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">fratture<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Hounsfield<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">idrossiapatite di calcio<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">legge di Beer-Lambert<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">mineralizzazione<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Mineralometria Ossea Computerizzata<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">MOC<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteopenia<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi post-menopausale<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi senile<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi severa<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">pencil beam<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">pQCT<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">QCT<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">qualit\u00e0 ossea<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Quantitative Ultrasound Index<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">QUI<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">QUS<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">rischio di fratture<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">scattering<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">SIOMMMS<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">SOS<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Speed of Sound<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Stiffness Index<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Stress-Strain Index<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">T-score<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">turnover<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ultrasonografia quantitativa<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/reumatologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">vBMD<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Architettura<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">area di Ward<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">BMC<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">BMD<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Bone Mineral Content<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Bone Mineral Density<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">BUA<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">CaHA<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">decreto legislativo 101\/2020<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">densit\u00e0 minerale ossea<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">densit\u00e0 ossea<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">deviazioni standard<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">DXA<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Femoral Neck<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">frattura<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">fratture<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Hounsfield<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">idrossiapatite di calcio<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">legge di Beer-Lambert<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">mineralizzazione<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Mineralometria Ossea Computerizzata<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">MOC<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteopenia<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi post-menopausale<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi senile<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">osteoporosi severa<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">pencil beam<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">pQCT<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">QCT<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">qualit\u00e0 ossea<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Quantitative Ultrasound Index<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">QUI<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">QUS<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">rischio di fratture<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">scattering<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">SIOMMMS<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">SOS<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Speed of Sound<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Stiffness Index<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Stress-Strain Index<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">T-score<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Tomografia Computerizzata Quantitativa<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">turnover<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ultrasonografia quantitativa<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">vBMD<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Pubblicato 2 mesi fa","modified":"Aggiornato 2 mesi fa"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Pubblicato il 01\/03\/2026","modified":"Aggiornato il 01\/03\/2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Pubblicato il 01\/03\/2026 20:03","modified":"Aggiornato il 01\/03\/2026 20:17"},"featured_img_caption":"","series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26510"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26574,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26510\/revisions\/26574"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}